![]() ![]() However, the flavor of wine cannot be estimated only by dryness or sweetness. Usually, a scale of dry to sweet is shown on the label of wine bottle so consumers would have an overall idea of the taste of the wine before buying it. When it comes to wine, personal preferences vary a lot, but the evaluation of smell and taste can be objective. Thus, the wine made from the grapes that experienced water stress usually has a sweeter taste. For example, grapes tend to accumulate sugar when there is a water stress (less water available than needed) when the grapes are growing. Moreover, water may cause the change in flavor as well. The four fundamental traits listed here cummulate into the wine what we smell and taste. Acids, with normal pH range of 2 to 4, comes from the grapes or artificial addition that helps with fermentation. Typically, wines with <10 g/L of sugar are considered dry. Sweetness comes from the residual sugar after fermentation. Tannin comes from the skins and seeds of the grapes, resulting in red wines having a higher tannin concentrations than white wines. The resulting alcohol by volume (ABV) often ranges from 5% to 23%. Alcohol comes from the fermentation of grapes, where yeast consumes the sugar of the grapes. A combination of alcohol, tannin, sweetness, and acids form the basic structure of wine body. The flavor of wine is different, due to different geographic origins around the world, aging process, treatment process, and sometimes even the temperature of the wine when you taste it. There are “5 S” in wine tasting: see, swirl, smell, sip, and savor (professionally speaking, spit is the last step, to avoid misjudgments due to excess consumption of alcohol). There is a unique aroma and taste in each wine varietal, and we want to reveal the science behind it. With over thousands of years’ of history, wine has become a significant part of human culture. “A person with increasing knowledge and sensory education may derive infinite enjoyment from Wine.” By Wenchuo Yao, PhD student of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Water IGEP of Virginia Tech. ![]()
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